In the article “Inventing the Cosmo Girl: Class Identity and Girl-Style American Dreams” the author, Laurie Ouellette reflects upon the events leading up to the creation of the legendary women’s magazine “Cosmopolitan.” This article also discusses the inner workings of class during the 1960s when this magazine was being brought about. According to this article, the founder of “Cosmopolitan,” Helen Gurley Brown, originally developed the idea of a women’s magazine that would allow middle class women to realize that their “identity” was “something that could always be reworked, improved upon and even dramatically changed.” (118) She also wanted to develop a women’s magazine that would allow women to improve their appearance by copying the fashions and cosmetics seen on models. Furthermore, Brown hoped to create a magazine that could give woman advice as to how to “get in a position to sink a man.” (120) As a result, “Cosmopolitan” was originally seen as a rather historically important act of feminism based on it’s “emphasis on female sexuality,” and its inclusion of other information that provided women with the ways in which they could “snag” a successful and desirable man.
This article in many ways supports the idea the women’s magazines do in fact seek to give women independence, success, and confidence. However, this article can also support the idea that although these magazines seek to develop that which is Woman, this hope is ultimately extinguished by the fact that in order to “be successful” women must appear and act a certain way in order to win over a man. In the end, “hegemony” and the “male gaze” still exercise their dominance over the amount of success a woman can achieve and the ways in which she can achieve it.
Furthermore, in the article “Women Read the Romance: The Interaction of Text and Context” by Janice A. Radway, the author discusses the findings of a series of interviews completed in order to gather information concerning romance novels and their readers. Based on the conclusions of these studies one can easily establish that romance novels are for the most part popular among mothers, the majority of whom are looking to escape the “pressures” of their everyday lives. Furthermore, this article states that women often times look to romance novels as a means to “take their minds off everyday matters” (69), evoke a sense of hope and contentment and as a means to reassure themselves of their “special status and unique identity.”
Specifically, this last reason why women often read romance novels, also proves to exemplify the way in which men are able to assert their dominance over women. The fact that women need to establish a sense of self through the stories of heroines and their nurturing and masculine lovers, aids in developing the fact that men are still very able to exercise control over women.
The arguments of both of these articles, along with my overall topic for the semester, can summed up and/or depicted in this Burberry advertisement. Although, the male subjects in this advertisements appear to femininized due to their long hair, narrow bodies and soft facial features, they are still nevertheless dominant over the female subject. This dominance comes as a result of the fact that the female is outnumbered by males in this image and also as a result of the fact that male dominance over women is still very much a part of our culture, despite the fact that women try to challenge it.